Text Citations
There are three major systems for referring to a reference within the text of a published work: Citation-sequence, Citation-name, and Name-year (550).
Citation-sequence: Use superscript numbers (Ex: 1) within the text to refer to the end references (550).
Citation-name: Use superscript numbers (Ex: 2) within the text to refer to the end references (554).
DISCLAIMER: This citation style requires format structure (hanging indent) which is unable to be properly displayed here. If you would like more information or have other questions, please contact us!
Reference List
Citation-sequence:
Number the references and order them within the list in the sequence in which they first appear within the text (550).
Citation-name:
Complete the list of end references for the work and then sequence them first alphabetically by author, then title (554).
Book (592):
Last name FM, Last name FM. Title of container. Edition. Location: Publisher; year. Extent. Notes.
Ex:
Berk RA. Water shortage: Lessons in conservation from the Great California Drought, 1976-1977. Cambridge (MA): Abt Books; 1981.
Web page (628):
Title of container: Title of source. Place of publication: Publisher; Date of publication [Date updated; Date accessed]. URL.
Ex:
California Department of Fish and Wildlife: Coho Salmon. Sacramento (CA): Fisheries Branch; n.d. [updated 2017 Feb 23; accessed 2018 June 20]. https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Fishes/Coho-Salmon.
Journal article retrieved from an online database with DOI (628):
Last name FM, Last name FM, Last name FM. Title of source. Title of container. Year [date updated; date accessed];Volume(Issue):Page numbers. URL.
Ex:
Hladik ML, Domagalski JL, Kuivila KM. Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events. Science of the Total Environment. 2009 [accessed 2018 June 20];408(2):356-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040.
Scientific Style and Format by Location: Library 222, 2nd Floor
Phone:(209) 667-3642
Email: writingcenter@csustan.edu
Text Citations
Name-year: In-text references consist of the surname of the author or authors and the year of publication of the document, while the name and year must be enclosed in parentheses (551).
One author:
Enclose the surname and the year of publication in parenthesis (551). Ex: (Taylor 2004)
No author:
Use the first word or few words of the title followed by an ellipsis (553). Ex: (Handbook ... 2000)
Multiple authors:
Two authors: Use both last names separated by and (552). Ex: (Wagner and Clarke 1999)
Three or more authors: Use the first author's name followed by et al. and the year (552). Ex: (Williams et al. 2007)
DISCLAIMER: This citation style requires format structure (hanging indent) which is unable to be properly displayed here. If you would like more information or have other questions, please contact us!
Reference List
Name-year:
References are in alphabetical order by author (561).
Book (592):
Last name FM, Last name FM. Year. Title of container. Edition. Location: Publisher. Extent. Notes.
Ex:
Berk RA. 1981. Water shortage: Lessons in conservation from the Great California Drought, 1976-1977. Cambridge (MA): Abt Books.
Web page (629):
Title of container: Title of source. Place of publication: Publisher; [Date updated; Date accessed]. URL.
Ex:
California Department of Fish and Wildlife: Coho Salmon. Sacramento (CA): Fisheries Branch; n.d. [updated 2017 Feb 23; accessed 2018 June 20]. https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Fishes/Coho-Salmon.
Journal article retrieved from an online database with DOI (629):
Last name FM, Last name FM, Last name FM. Year. Title of source. Title of container. [date updated; date accessed];Volume(Issue):Page numbers. URL.
Ex:
Hladik ML, Domagalski JL, Kuivila KM. 2009. Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events. Science of the Total Environment. [accessed 2018 June 20]; 408(2):356-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040.
Scientific Style and Format by Location: Library 222, 2nd Floor
Phone:(209) 667-3642
Email: writingcenter@csustan.edu
